Diet Plan

Ic Package Types And Definitions}

Submitted by: DAVID SMITH

IC (Integrated Circuit) means an assemblage of electronic components such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, etc. All these are crammed into a very small chip and attached with each other to acquire a common objective.

The IC package is what encases the die of integrated circuit and extends it out into a device we can more conveniently attach to. Every external connection on the die is linked via a very small piece of gold wire to a pad or pin on the packaging. The silver, extruding terminals on an IC are the pins. These pins carry out the work to link to different components of a circuit. These are of highest significance to us whereas they are what will go on to connect to the remaining elements and wires in a circuit.

Every IC is polarized and each is pin is distinctive in case of both position and operation. For this reason, it is necessary for the package to have some way to impart which pin is which. For most ICs, a dot or a notch (in some cases, both or sometimes anyone of them) designates the first pin. If you can recognize the first pin, the rest of the pin numbers increase according to the sequence as you move counter-clockwise around the chip.

The way how the IC packages mount to a circuit board is one of the primary distinguishable package type characteristics. Mainly there are two mounting types: through-hole (PTH) or surface-mount (SMD or SMT). All packages fall into one of these two mounting types. Usually through-hole packages are bigger in size and much simpler to work with. They are designed especially to be pierced through one side of a board and dredged to the other side.

Surface-mount packages can be small to minuscule in size. They are all intended to be installed on one side of a circuit board and be dredged to the surface. Most of the times, the pins of a SMD package thrust out the side. These also steep to the chip, or are sometimes set out in a matrix on the bottom of the chip. ICs with surface mount packages are not very suitable to assemble with hands. Generally special tools are needed to assist in the process.

There are numerous varieties of IC packages, each of which has distinctive measures, mounting styles, and/or pin-enumerations. These packages are batched into three major categories: Dual In-line Packages, Grid Arrays and Chip Carriers. Each package, regardless of the category has a body style that scales with pin count. The number of pins determines the physical dimension of the package, the name of the package does not.

1. Dual In-line Packages [DIP], or Dual In-Line [DIL] packages are packages with two rows of leads on two sides of the package. DIP ICs may be through-hole [PDIP or CERDIP] or SMT package [SOJ or SOIC].

2. Quad Flat Packs or Chip Carriers are square packages [or nearly square], with leads on all four sides Chip Carriers, as in PLCCs and other variants are strictly Surface Mount Technology (SMT).

3. Grid Arrays are those type packages that have their pins arranged in a grid. The pin grid may consist of Leads, pads, or solder balls on an area array. The through hole variant is called a PGA, while the SMT variant might be called LGA or BGA.

About the Author: David Smith, Senior Vice President of

USComponent.com

, an IGBT power transistor module distributor since 2001.

Source:

isnare.com

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Creationist sentiments affect Imax business strategy

Tuesday, March 22, 2005 Imax cinemas in several southern US states have begun to refuse screening of films that deal with evolution and the big bang, fearing they will drive away customers. This step follows pressure from customers claiming such films are blasphemous to the Christian religion and are counter to biblical teachings which fundamentalists take to be the literal word of God.

Some of the affected cinemas are located in science museums often visited by families. Carol Murray, the marketing director of the Fort Worth Museum of Science and History in Texas, commented that trial customers complained, “I really hate it when the theory of evolution is presented as fact,” a view reflected by several others. Conversely, a producer of an Imax film entitled Volcanoes of the Deep Sea, James Cameron, said that he was “surprised and somewhat offended” at some of the reactions.

Films suppressed by this controversy include Cosmic Voyage (which deals with the big bang), Galapagos (dealing with the development of evolutionary theory by Darwin) and Volcanoes of the Deep Sea (about deep-sea thermophiles).

Although this move only affects about a dozen Southern US cinemas, it has proved significant due to the manner in which Imax operates. Imax presentations are filmed and projected using specialized equipment in specially adapted theatres. Imax films also have tight production and marketing budgets. At any one time, an Imax film may be shown at only two dozen locations. As such, profits may be significantly reduced if just a few locations refuse to show a given film, swaying producers to avoid producing films on contentious subjects which may be construed by Christian fundamentalists as blasphemous.

Hubble Space Telescope’s main camera stops working

Sunday, June 25, 2006

The Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST) main camera has ceased to function.

The telescope revolutionized astronomy with its stunning pictures of the universe. It has three separate electronic cameras and a collection of filters and light dispersers that are used to photograph distant celestial objects. The third-generation instrument installed by a space shuttle crew in 2002 went off line Monday. Engineers are still working to rectify the situation, but have not yet identified the source of the problem. The other two cameras are being used while repair efforts on the main camera continue.

“It’s still off line today,” said Max Mutchler, an instruments specialist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore.

The cause of the main camera’s malfunction may be a faulty transistor or a disruption to the camera’s memory. “Both possibilities are things that can be resolved here on the ground,” said Ed Campion, a NASA spokesman at the Goddard Space Flight Center outside Washington, D.C. He also told the Associated Press Saturday that “he was hopeful the problem on the space-based telescope could be fixed from the ground.”

A solution could come as early as June 30.

NASA scientists say the studies being carried out with the Hubble will not be harmed, just the order reshuffled.

Hubble, launched in April 1990, is beginning to show its age. It needs new batteries and gyroscopes if it is to keep working beyond next year.

Early last year it was announced that Hubble would be cut from NASA’s 2006 fiscal year budget. However, there have been questions about the future of Hubble, with the famous space telescope in need of service and power if it is to continue to be active in 2007.

Crusaders win Super 14 final in eerie mist

Saturday, May 27, 2006

The Canterbury Crusaders won the inaugural Super 14 title, downing the Wellington Hurricanes 19 points to 12 at Jade Stadium, Christchurch. The game was dominated by surreal conditions – a thick fog made viewing the game from the top of the stands impossible. Only one try was scored in the mistake-riddled game, to Crusaders centre Casey Laulala.

Both sides were consulted prior to the match on whether the final should be postponed, as a thick fog engulfed the sold-out Jade Stadium. Patrons in the South Stand turned their attention to the stadium screen behind them, as they could not see anything through the mist. The television audience was in a similar position, with most of the pictures being shrouded in a white cloud. Sky Sports commentators split the commentary between themselves and a sideline commentator, as they could not see the other side of the pitch from the commentary box.

Referee Jonathon Kaplan and the players of both the Crusaders and Hurricanes were asked if they wished to continue at half time, there was apparently a clear view that everyone wanted to continue with the final. The final score was 19 points to 12, a converted try being the difference. For the Crusaders, it was the team’s sixth championship in 11 years. Despite the eerie conditions, jubilant celebrations followed after full-time.

Permaculture Magazine

Loans For Unemployed Tenant: An Effective Fiscal Aid In Crisis

Submitted by: Fabian Bishop

Facing difficulty in getting loans with unemployment and tenancy status? Don t worry. Gone are the days when people faces problem due to such reasons. Now, with progressing financial market, you can find the fruitful aid of loans for unemployed tenant which offers fiscal support to employed tenants without asking for any collateral placement. Loans for unemployed tenant are especially crafted for those people who are facing the worst situation of unemployment and no collateral to pledge. Now, unemployed tenants can easily entail external financial assistance without worrying about any collateral placement clause.

These kinds of loans for unemployed can be easily applied by both good and bad credit holders. Thus those having bad credit records like bankruptcy; missed payments, insolvency and defaults can freely apply and enjoy the benefits of these loans.

By applying for loans for unemployed tenant you can draw a loan amount ranges from 1,000 to 25,000 for the repayment term of 1 to 10 years. Since no collateral involved, a lender may charge you with quite high interest rate. A careful research of the highly competitive market you will be able to obtain loans for unemployed tenant at affordable prices without any hassles.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-uKkwDz6AY[/youtube]

Loans for unemployed allows you to use the borrowed amount for fulfilling several needs like of educational purposes, loan repayment, medical expenses, buying used car and home renovation. In this way, these loans are getting hugely popular among unemployed tenants as there is no obligation of placing collateral. Hence, all your financial worries can be easily sorted out.

Facing difficulty in getting loans with unemployment and tenancy status? Don t worry. Gone are the days when people faces problem due to such reasons. Now, with progressing financial market, you can find the fruitful aid of loans for unemployed tenant which offers fiscal support to employed tenants without asking for any collateral placement. Loans for unemployed tenant are especially crafted for those people who are facing the worst situation of unemployment and no collateral to pledge. Now, unemployed tenants can easily entail external financial assistance without worrying about any collateral placement clause.

These kinds of loans for unemployed can be easily applied by both good and bad credit holders. Thus those having bad credit records like bankruptcy; missed payments, insolvency and defaults can freely apply and enjoy the benefits of these loans.

By applying for loans for unemployed tenant you can draw a loan amount ranges from 1,000 to 25,000 for the repayment term of 1 to 10 years. Since no collateral involved, a lender may charge you with quite high interest rate. A careful research of the highly competitive market you will be able to obtain loans for unemployed tenant at affordable prices without any hassles.

Loans for unemployed allows you to use the borrowed amount for fulfilling several needs like of educational purposes, loan repayment, medical expenses, buying used car and home renovation. In this way, these loans are getting hugely popular among unemployed tenants as there is no obligation of placing collateral. Hence, all your financial worries can be easily sorted out.

About the Author: Fabian Bishop is a senior author in loans, where visitors can get useful information and apply for any type of loans online. For further information about Loans for unemployed tenant, Bad credit loans, Loans for unemployed student visit

loansforunemployed.net

Source:

isnare.com

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Kansas Professor assaulted by angry intelligent design supporters

Tuesday, December 6, 2005

Professor Paul Mirecki, the chairman of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Kansas, was hospitalized after being assaulted by two unidentified men who made references to the class he had planned to teach in the spring. The course, entitled “Special Topics in Religion: Intelligent Design, Creationism and other Religious Mythologies” was intended to support evolution, and explore creationism as a mythology.

Professor Mirecki had left his home and was driving to breakfast when he noticed the men tailgating him in a pickup truck. He said, “I just pulled over hoping they would pass, and then they pulled up real close behind.” “They got out, and I made the mistake of getting out.”

John Calvert, managing director of the Intelligent Design Network, had previously objected to Professor Mirecki’s focus on creationism as mythology, and claimed that the religious studies professor was “labeling anybody who proposes [intelligent design] to be simply a religious nut”.

Paul Mirecki had already decided to cancel the course after he caused controversy by using the slang term “fundies” to refer to Christian Fundamentalists in an email to a student organization, the Society for Open Minded Atheists and Agnostics. Professor Mirecki has apologized for using the term, which is viewed as a slur by some conservatives.

Q and A with New Zealand Prime Minister hopeful

Sunday, May 18, 2008

This article is part of the series

New Zealand General Election
Other election coverage
  • Q and A with New Zealand Prime Minister hopeful
Background

John Key is the leader of the New Zealand National Party and with the New Zealand General Election this year, Wikinews’ Gabriel Pollard spoke to John Key via email.

Bollywood stars Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachchan engaged

Monday, January 15, 2007

This article features in a News Brief from Audio Wikinews:

Legendary Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan has confirmed that his son Abhishek and former Miss World Aishwarya Rai were engaged last evening at a private ceremony at the Bachchans’ residence in Mumbai.

It is believed that the younger Bachchan proposed to his bride-to-be in New York, soon after the Toronto premiere of his new movie Guru. The media had been following the romance between the two closely for some time past, but this is the first time they have come out in the open about their relationship. Rumours that the couple were planning to spread the know began to spread in November last year, when they visited the Sankat Mochan Temple together, with some even saying that they had already been married even earlier at the Meenakshi temple in Madurai

According to one daily, the wedding will take place either on February 19 or March 7 at the Hyatt Mumbai. “The children have decided. We are very happy and thought we should go ahead with the ‘roka’ ceremony. It was held in the evening.”, Amitabh Bachchan said of the ceremony, which was attended by the family’s close friends, including Samajwadi Party leader Amar Singh, Aishwarya’s parents, and industrialist Anil Ambani and the latter’s wife Tina Ambani. The couple have now flown to Ujjain to take a holy dip in the Ganga.

Zimbabwean police raid MDC party’s offices

Monday, October 26, 2009

According to the Zimbabwean finance minister, a building belonging to Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai’s Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party was raided by police on Friday. The police had reportedly been searching for weapons.

The MDC secretary-general, Tendai Biti, said that the house, located in a suburb of Zimbabwe’s capital Harare, was “ransacked” by several dozen armed policemen after dark on Friday. One of the rooms in the building had been searched, and police confiscated what Biti called “valuable party documents”.

…this is the price we now pay for that decision.

The secretary-general accused President Robert Mugabe’s Zanu-PF party of being behind the raid, wanting the country’s unity government to fail, describing it as “provocation”. “They are behind this attack. Our decision of pulling out of the inclusive government infuriated ZANU-PF and this is the price we now pay for that decision,” he said.

The police have not yet released a statement regarding the raid.

Tsvangirai and his MDC party had pulled out of the coalition government last week, accusing Mugabe’s party of not complying with the unity government deal made last year, and oppressing opponents. Mugabe, however, dismissed the boycott, calling it a “non-event”, and said that his party would not alter its plans or agree to the MDC’s demands.

Trucks

Ford Heavy Duty Trucks For Sale}

Ford Heavy Duty Trucks for sale

by

Amanda Mattcutt

The first generation model were built in the year 1994 2004 which includes the F 250 and F 350 super duty trucks. The engines used in this

Heavy Duty Trucks

offer 6.0 L power by V 8 and 7.3 L power by V 8 engines. They have both transmission comprising 5 and 6 both manual and automatic. The first generation Heavy Duty Trucks offer you three options for Standard, Super Cab and the Crew Cab. The standard cab is available for 2 3 passengers and with 2 doors, Super can offers 2 smaller doors and can accodomate 5 6 people and the last Crew Cab offers accodomation for 5 6 people and has full sized four doors.

The

Fords Heavy Duty Trucks for sale

were specially design for the diesel trucks for sale. There were many changes made when compared to the first generation trucks in the interior as well as its exterior, its engine and other components to make it more advanced. Ford was the only company who was more in manufacturing the

Heavy Duty Trucks

and hence the further generations trucks offer more hauling and towing capacity. The changes like advanced high quality brakes, thicker frame, higher amplitude, and good quality transmission. They have amazing towing capacity, so carrying heavy goods and other raw materials is very easy.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mExVYSZu24o[/youtube]

As the technology advanced there were several changes made and the transmission were available in 2 namely M6OD with 6 manual speed along with the Torque level of 5 RW 110 5 speed automatic. As these are huge in towing the good capacity, the demands for the

Heavy Duty Trucks for sale

are on rise. The engine place in the trucks is much improved and hence the functioning of the brakes is amazing. The engine suspension and the towing capacity they have boost the various models in the heavy trucks manufacture by the Ford. The introduction of the power stroke engines have helped them to pick up trucks for sale the amazing speed.

In the year 2008, the second generation was modified and hence the third generation included more advanced features with amazing designs and styles. The power stroke 8 engines delivers 6.4 L tank in the

F 250, F 450 and F 350 in Heavy Duty Trucks

. The exteriors and the body were little modified and they introduced the Rapid Heat Supplement Cab Heater which offers the automatic speed transmission in the

Heavy Duty Trucks

. The use of this heater has helped the engines of the trucks to be in colder months.

The

Ford 450

is one of the best

Heavy Duty Trucks

with amazing hauling capacity and can weigh around 33 00 lb and towing capacity up to 24 500lb. the base price of the ford F 450 is $ 27, 000 and the diesel model is available at $ 45, 000 as it offers two wheel drive depending upon trim options available in the engines. The model offers you three engines styles 5.4 L V8 delivers 300 hp @ 5000 rpm, 6.8 L V 10 delivers 362 hp @ 4750 rpm and 6.4 L V8 turbo Diesel delivers 350 hp @ 3000 rpm. The toughest competitors of Ford for

Heavy Duty Trucks

are Chevrolet trucks and

Dodge trucks

, but still Ford has maintained its position on top.

Uniqueautogear.com

is an online site which offers the best models in

big trucks for sale

. Draft your needs and requirements and will offer you the best service in buying used Heavy Duty Trucks for sale. We are here to provide you with quality services without spending more amount of time and money for buying the best

Heavy Duty Trucks

.

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